📖 How to Register a Private Limited Company in India
A Private Limited Company (Pvt. Ltd.) is one of the most preferred business structures in India for startups and growing enterprises. It offers benefits like limited liability protection, separate legal entity status, credibility among investors, and ease of fundraising.
If you’re planning to start your own company, here’s a complete, updated guide to registering a Private Limited Company in India under the Companies Act, 2013.
📌 Key Features of a Private Limited Company
- Minimum 2 directors and 2 shareholders (maximum 200 shareholders)
- Limited liability protection to owners
- Separate legal identity from its members
- Restricts share transferability to outsiders
- Cannot invite the public to subscribe to its shares
📌 Step-by-Step Process to Register a Private Limited Company in India
✅ Step 1: Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
All proposed directors and shareholders must obtain a valid Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) as company incorporation is a fully digital process through the MCA portal.
Documents Required:
- PAN card
- Aadhaar card
- Email ID & mobile number
- Passport-size photo
✅ Step 2: Apply for Director Identification Number (DIN)
DIN is a unique identification number allotted to each director. It is applied via the SPICe+ form (Part B) during company registration.
✅ Step 3: Reserve Company Name via SPICe+ Part A
You need to propose two unique company names and submit them for approval through the SPICe+ (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically Plus) form on the MCA portal.
Tips for Name Selection:
- Check name availability on MCA & trademark database
- Follow Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014
✅ Step 4: Prepare MOA & AOA
Draft the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA) — the two important documents defining company objectives and rules.
These are filed electronically through SPICe+ Part B.
✅ Step 5: File Incorporation Application via SPICe+ Form
Once the name is approved, fill out SPICe+ Part B along with:
- eMOA (INC-33)
- eAOA (INC-34)
- AGILE-PRO S (for GST, EPF, ESIC, bank account, professional tax registration)
- INC-9 (declaration by subscribers & directors)
- DIR-2 (Consent to act as director)
Attachments:
- Identity and address proof of directors and shareholders
- Address proof of registered office
- Utility bill (not older than 2 months)
- NOC from property owner
✅ Step 6: Pay Government Fees
Fees depend on authorized capital and number of forms filed. Pay online via MCA portal.
✅ Step 7: Certificate of Incorporation (COI) Issued
Once verified, the Registrar of Companies (ROC) issues a Certificate of Incorporation (COI) containing:
- CIN (Corporate Identity Number)
- PAN & TAN (auto-generated)
📌 Post-Incorporation Compliances
After registration, a Private Limited Company must:
- Open a current bank account
- File INC-20A (Declaration of Commencement of Business) within 180 days
- Maintain statutory registers and records
- Conduct board meetings and AGM as per law
- Appoint an auditor within 30 days of incorporation
📌 Documents Required for Private Limited Company Registration
- PAN and Aadhaar of directors and shareholders
- Passport (for foreign nationals)
- Passport-sized photographs
- Electricity bill/Water bill for office address
- Rent agreement and NOC from the property owner
📌 Advantages of Private Limited Company
- Limited liability for shareholders
- Separate legal identity
- Better credibility in market and fundraising
- Easy transfer of ownership
- Perpetual succession
📌 Conclusion
Registering a Private Limited Company in India is now a streamlined, online process with the SPICe+ form on the MCA portal. It is a preferred structure for startups, professionals, and growing businesses due to legal protection, tax benefits, and ease of compliance.
If you need professional assistance for company registration, GST registration, ROC filings, and other compliance services, reach out to GST Suvidha Centre today!
